Various ways by which P. falciparum parasite evades the immune system via secreted extracellular vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by infected red blood cells (iRBCs), as well as other host cells, are important regulators of the balance that determines the disease outcome. In addition, EVs constitute a robust mode of cell-to-cell communication by transferring signaling cargoes between parasites, and between parasites and host, without requiring cellular contact. The transfer of membrane and cytosolic proteins, lipids, DNA, and RNA through EVs not only modulate the immune response, it also mediates cellular communication between parasites to synchronize the transmission stage. Here, we review the recent progress in understanding EV roles during malaria.

Kinetics measurement of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf)-extracellular

Immune evasion by Plasmodium falciparum parasites: converting a

Extracellular vesicles secreted by Brugia malayi microfilariae

The role of vascular endothelium and exosomes in human protozoan

Visualization of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf)-derived extracellular

Pathogens, Free Full-Text

Exploring interactions between extracellular vesicles and cells

Helminth extracellular vesicles: Interactions with the host immune

Various ways by which P. falciparum parasite evades the immune

Immunobiology of parasitic worm extracellular vesicles

Helminth extracellular vesicles: Interactions with the host immune

Extracellular vesicles isolated from P. falciparum carry RNA. (a

DNA in extracellular vesicles: from evolution to its current